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Haploid
A single set of chromosomes (half the full set of genetic material) present in the egg and sperm cells of animals and in the egg and pollen cells of plants
Single-gene disorder
Hereditary disorder caused by a mutant allele of a single gene.
Risk communication
In genetics, a process in which a genetic counselor or other medical professional interprets genetic test results and advises patients of the consequences for them and their offspring.
Phenotype
The physical characteristics of an organism or the presence of a disease that may or may not be genetic.
Genetic illness
Sickness, physical disability, or other disorder resulting from the inheritance of one or more deleterious alleles.
Pedigree
A family tree diagram that shows how a particular genetic trait or disease has been inherited.
Identical twin
Twins produced by the division of a single zygote; both have identical genotypes.
Hybrid
The offspring of genetically different parents.
Mitosis
The process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.
Cancer
Diseases in which abnormal cells divide and grow unchecked.
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